FUNCTION OF PARKS AND GARDENS
INTRODUCTION
- Parks and gardens have been built for centuries as an alternative breathing space for urban dwellers.
- The concept of modern parks first saw its birth during the Industrial revolution in the 19th century.
- Much has been achieved during the 20th century on the garden designs.
- Frederick Law Olmsted was the first person to adopt landscape architect as a professional title.
- Geddes, the author of ‘Cities in Evolution’, one of the most influential landscape planning books of the 20h century, evidently saw the close link between garden design, public parks and town planning.
- In Malaysia, the awareness for park and garden built have been in place since the British Colonial era when the Penang Botanical Garden and Taiping Lake Garden.Present, increased allocation has been set aside by the National Landscape Department to build more urban parks and garden throughout Malaysia towns and cities.
- Parks and gardens have been built for centuries as an alternative breathing space for urban dwellers.
- The concept of modern parks first saw its birth during the Industrial revolution in the 19th century.
- Much has been achieved during the 20th century on the garden designs.
- Frederick Law Olmsted was the first person to adopt landscape architect as a professional title.
- Geddes, the author of ‘Cities in Evolution’, one of the most influential landscape planning books of the 20h century, evidently saw the close link between garden design, public parks and town planning.
- In Malaysia, the awareness for park and garden built have been in place since the British Colonial era when the Penang Botanical Garden and Taiping Lake Garden.Present, increased allocation has been set aside by the National Landscape Department to build more urban parks and garden throughout Malaysia towns and cities.
PARKS REJUVENATING LAND
- A valuable contribution of park construction utilizing abandoned land is the gradual appreciation of its land value over time.
- This strategy is used widely and increasingly by land and property developers as a key selling point of their developed properties.
Example of Parks:
- A valuable contribution of park construction utilizing abandoned land is the gradual appreciation of its land value over time.
- This strategy is used widely and increasingly by land and property developers as a key selling point of their developed properties.
Example of Parks:
1) Brisbane South Bank Waterfront Park, Australia (125.5 hectares)
The heart of Brisbane’s culture, entertainment, recreation and education. The elements which comprise an idyllic Queensland life style blend to form a vibrant precinct which attracts more than 9 million people annually and which has earned the precinct the reputation of Brisbane’s number of tourist destination and ‘people place’. As part of the riverbank park, visitors are also able to enjoy the delights of a lush, sub-tropical, 17 hectares parkland that includes Australia’s only beach in the heart of the city, Streets Beach, the beautiful ENERGEX Arbour rainforest walks, picnic and barbecue areas, water features and a picturesque riverfront promenade on which to walk, run and cycle.
2) Batu Metropolitan Park (327 acres)
Located 7 km from Kuala Lumpur city centre. It seems that without tin-mining activities, we wouldn’t quite have any lakes and wastelands to make into parks.The death of tin-mining created a wealth of wasteland that are how being exploited again but with a greener and friendlier motive. Apart from all the politically-correct objectives such as creating a better neighbourhood image, be environmental-friendly, promote racial harmony and to create a caring society, Batu Metropolitan Park was destined for extreme sports. For instance, most of the buildings and structures within the park sport an industrial look using steel pole configurations and bright colours.
The heart of Brisbane’s culture, entertainment, recreation and education. The elements which comprise an idyllic Queensland life style blend to form a vibrant precinct which attracts more than 9 million people annually and which has earned the precinct the reputation of Brisbane’s number of tourist destination and ‘people place’. As part of the riverbank park, visitors are also able to enjoy the delights of a lush, sub-tropical, 17 hectares parkland that includes Australia’s only beach in the heart of the city, Streets Beach, the beautiful ENERGEX Arbour rainforest walks, picnic and barbecue areas, water features and a picturesque riverfront promenade on which to walk, run and cycle.
2) Batu Metropolitan Park (327 acres)
Located 7 km from Kuala Lumpur city centre. It seems that without tin-mining activities, we wouldn’t quite have any lakes and wastelands to make into parks.The death of tin-mining created a wealth of wasteland that are how being exploited again but with a greener and friendlier motive. Apart from all the politically-correct objectives such as creating a better neighbourhood image, be environmental-friendly, promote racial harmony and to create a caring society, Batu Metropolitan Park was destined for extreme sports. For instance, most of the buildings and structures within the park sport an industrial look using steel pole configurations and bright colours.
PARKS DISCOVER HISTORICAL VALUE
1) Historical sites across cities and towns have been neglected over time due to rapid urban growth.
2) New developments have run over the old resulting in the total loss of character to the cities.
3) The ensure preservation of historical values and creation of harmony with man-made features, being a lesson in education and historical conservation.
2) New developments have run over the old resulting in the total loss of character to the cities.
3) The ensure preservation of historical values and creation of harmony with man-made features, being a lesson in education and historical conservation.
PARKS AS CITY’S CIVIC CULTURAL HUB
The approach has been used in most of the countries as the urban hub with integration of public facilities such as the library, community centre, museum, theme parks and other facilities. The example of park: MIN CITY FAN, SARAWAK (26 acres). Is a unique fan-shaped urban civic park, carefully sited in the hub of sports, educational and cultural facilities of Miri. Designed to create civic consciousness by the embodiment of several symbolic parks.
The park elements:
1) The Civic Promenade
- Base-relief murals on both sides of the promenade reflect the traditional local cultural heritage and Miri’s vision for the future.
2) The Garden of Vision
- Encompasses the grand amphitheatre designed to create the feeling of spiritual awareness of the vision.
3) The Islamic Garden
- Designed according to a strong stately axial and geometric order.
4) The Chinese Garden
- Depicting the Chinese traditional cultural heritage such as gazebo, bridge and planting.
5) The Formal Garden
- Consist of a classical water fountain in the middle of a formal pattern with landscape features bringing a sense of formality.
6) The Ethnic Garden
- Incorporates the symbolic elements of various ethnics groups of Sarawak.
7) The New Library Cum Cultural Centre
- Earmarked as one of the anchor nodes .for the Miri City fan.
THE CURRENT ISSUES
1) Recreational Grounds are not centrally located for community use.
2) Recreational Grounds are not maintained and manage properly therefore become hazards.
3) Recreational Grounds are not planned to accommodate proper drainage system.
4) Components are not planned and designed according to age groups.
5) Insufficient provision of public facilities: public toilet, shelters etc.
6) No provision for the disabled.
7) Insufficient or inappropriate located park furniture.
8) Recreational Grounds are too small and too often are left-over spaces squeezed in between incompatible uses without direct access.
- Base-relief murals on both sides of the promenade reflect the traditional local cultural heritage and Miri’s vision for the future.
2) The Garden of Vision
- Encompasses the grand amphitheatre designed to create the feeling of spiritual awareness of the vision.
3) The Islamic Garden
- Designed according to a strong stately axial and geometric order.
4) The Chinese Garden
- Depicting the Chinese traditional cultural heritage such as gazebo, bridge and planting.
5) The Formal Garden
- Consist of a classical water fountain in the middle of a formal pattern with landscape features bringing a sense of formality.
6) The Ethnic Garden
- Incorporates the symbolic elements of various ethnics groups of Sarawak.
7) The New Library Cum Cultural Centre
- Earmarked as one of the anchor nodes .for the Miri City fan.
THE CURRENT ISSUES
1) Recreational Grounds are not centrally located for community use.
2) Recreational Grounds are not maintained and manage properly therefore become hazards.
3) Recreational Grounds are not planned to accommodate proper drainage system.
4) Components are not planned and designed according to age groups.
5) Insufficient provision of public facilities: public toilet, shelters etc.
6) No provision for the disabled.
7) Insufficient or inappropriate located park furniture.
8) Recreational Grounds are too small and too often are left-over spaces squeezed in between incompatible uses without direct access.
THE DEFINED OPEN SPACE
- Open spaces assume an architectural character when they are enclosed in full or in part by structural elements.
- Such a space may be an extension of a building.
- Sometimes it is confined within the limits of single building or enclosed by a building group.
- Sometimes such a space surrounds a structure or serves as its foreground, as a foil, or as a focal point.
- It can be seen that such related spaces, structures and the landscape that surrounds them must all be considered together in the process of design.
- Such spaces, be they patios, courts or public squares, become so dominant and focal in most architectural groupings that the very essence of the adjacent structures is distilled and captured there.
- Why community open space? Because without it there can be little sense of community.
- It is mainly in the outdoor ways and places that communal living takes place.
- Open space equates with many forms of recreation.
- Lineal spaces, as for jogging paths, health trail or bikeways, must be carefully woven into community plans to ensure continuity.
- Open space has other values too. If it follows and envelops the drainageways and streams, it serves to preserve the natural growth and define buildable areas with lobes of refreshing green.
- It also provides cover for birds and small animals that contribute much delight to the local scene, not only in the suburbs but in the inner city as well.
- Such a space may be an extension of a building.
- Sometimes it is confined within the limits of single building or enclosed by a building group.
- Sometimes such a space surrounds a structure or serves as its foreground, as a foil, or as a focal point.
- It can be seen that such related spaces, structures and the landscape that surrounds them must all be considered together in the process of design.
- Such spaces, be they patios, courts or public squares, become so dominant and focal in most architectural groupings that the very essence of the adjacent structures is distilled and captured there.
- Why community open space? Because without it there can be little sense of community.
- It is mainly in the outdoor ways and places that communal living takes place.
- Open space equates with many forms of recreation.
- Lineal spaces, as for jogging paths, health trail or bikeways, must be carefully woven into community plans to ensure continuity.
- Open space has other values too. If it follows and envelops the drainageways and streams, it serves to preserve the natural growth and define buildable areas with lobes of refreshing green.
- It also provides cover for birds and small animals that contribute much delight to the local scene, not only in the suburbs but in the inner city as well.
THE DEFINED GARDEN
- The origin of word is indicative of a creation intended to give pleasure in itself: Gar – garth, yard, enclosure; Den – Eden, paradise.
- The gardens of the Pharaohs and of Islam fit this definition.
- The oldest pictures of a garden come from Egypt. There is carving on the tomb of Akhnaton (18th dynasty, about 1500 BC). This shows square pool in the centre of a square enclosure, but the planting around the pool is somewhat haphazard.
- Indian Buddhist and Hindu temples are often richly carved. Colourful flowers are used within as additional adornment, whilst the settings of temples are planed with sweet-smelling and colourful vegetation. In lands where the religious were already established, Islam was able to find a fertile soil, literally as well as metaphorically, for a fresh interpretation of paradise.- The spread of Islam and Christianity carried with them their notions of paradise but the idea of an outdoor, designed space, with cultivated plants for aesthetic enjoyment and spiritual expressions is not exclusive to these religions.
- The origin of word is indicative of a creation intended to give pleasure in itself: Gar – garth, yard, enclosure; Den – Eden, paradise.
- The gardens of the Pharaohs and of Islam fit this definition.
- The oldest pictures of a garden come from Egypt. There is carving on the tomb of Akhnaton (18th dynasty, about 1500 BC). This shows square pool in the centre of a square enclosure, but the planting around the pool is somewhat haphazard.
- Indian Buddhist and Hindu temples are often richly carved. Colourful flowers are used within as additional adornment, whilst the settings of temples are planed with sweet-smelling and colourful vegetation. In lands where the religious were already established, Islam was able to find a fertile soil, literally as well as metaphorically, for a fresh interpretation of paradise.- The spread of Islam and Christianity carried with them their notions of paradise but the idea of an outdoor, designed space, with cultivated plants for aesthetic enjoyment and spiritual expressions is not exclusive to these religions.
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
Objective
The Public Parks Programme is aimed at implementing the Government’s directive to develop public parks throughout the country. The main objective is to create more public parks that are complete and immaculate in this country.
Criteria for selection of site:
1) Area of not less than 20 acres (not including bodies of water)
2) Strategic location in the context of population distribution
3) Easy access (road) which is authorised and satisfactory
4) Absence of major physical problems such as floods, swamps, etc
5) Site is owned by the Government and free from problems such as squatters
6) Area that will be/has been gazetted as a public park
2) Strategic location in the context of population distribution
3) Easy access (road) which is authorised and satisfactory
4) Absence of major physical problems such as floods, swamps, etc
5) Site is owned by the Government and free from problems such as squatters
6) Area that will be/has been gazetted as a public park
Public Park Components
A- Basic facilities of a public park:
1) Children’s playground
2) Walkways
3) Jogging track
4) Activity circuit
5) Shelters
2) Walkways
3) Jogging track
4) Activity circuit
5) Shelters
B- Supporting facilities:
1) Car park
2) Public toilets
3) Seats
4) Signboards
5) Refuse bins
2) Public toilets
3) Seats
4) Signboards
5) Refuse bins
Landscape Development
1) lnfrastructure, access road and electricity and water supply
2) Open area, games arena and field
3) Implementation Procedure
4) Gathering of information on site
5) Appointment of consultant
6) Design stage Implementation stage
GREENING OF THE NATION
Objective
Covers efforts to landscape and plant trees at various prime areas of development. In line with the implementation of ‘Landscaping the Nation’ and National Landscape Guidelines. The main objective is to upgrade the quality of the environment. The Greening Programme will be implemented thoroughly in every state.
Main Activities:
1) Greening the roads
2) Greening the rivers
3) Greening government land
4) Greening public buildings
2) Greening the rivers
3) Greening government land
4) Greening public buildings
Pioneering Activities:
A pioneering activity is an ancillary activity which serves as a step towards the implementation of the National Landscape Guidelines. Through such activities, sites will be identified according to suitability. Site evaluation will be made by the department with the co-operation of the state government:
1) Greening the Countryside Landscape
2) Greening Public Housing
3) Greening Industrial Areas
4) Greening Railway Routes
5) Greening Basic Amenities
6) Greening the Cemeteries
2) Greening Public Housing
3) Greening Industrial Areas
4) Greening Railway Routes
5) Greening Basic Amenities
6) Greening the Cemeteries
Implementation Procedure
The greening project is implemented by adopting the following 3 types of modus operandi:
1) Implementation by the department
2) Implementation by the appointed consultant
3) Implementation by the state government
0 comments:
Post a Comment